There is considerable overlap between the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and the staging of the cancer. The results of various diagnostic tests will indicate how far the cancer has progressed and determine the stage. Subsequent decicions about treatment will be based upon the stage assigned.

Although different stages carry different prognoses, it is important to remember that the Median isn't the Message (an excellent article regarding prognoses and statistics by Stephen Jay Gould).

The charts below are part of a very common system used by doctors to stage pancreatic tumors. These particular charts are for pancreatic carcinoma. The staging system varies slightly for tumors of the bile duct or ampulla of Vater.

The stage of a pancreatic cancer is determined by 3 factors: T, N, and M. A value is assigned for each of these factors based on the diagnostic test results. Click on these links to see the how each factor is ranked or scaled.

T= location and size of the tumor
N= evidence of metastases in lymph nodes close to the cancer
M= evidence of distant metastases

Stage Grouping for Primary Tumors of the Exocrine Pancreas
Stage	Tumor	Regional Lymph Nodes	Distant Metastases
Stage 0	Tis	N0	M0
Stage IA	T1	N0	M0
Stage IB	T2	N0	M0
Stage IIA	T3	N0	M0
Stage IIB	T1 T2 T3	N1 N1 N1	M0 M0 M0
Stage III	T1 T2 T3 T4	N2 N2 N2 any N	M0 M0 M0 M0
Stage IV	any T	any N	M1

Definition of Tumor (T)
TX	Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0	No evidence of primary tumor
Tis	In situ carcinoma
T1	Tumor ≤ 2cm
T2	Tumor > 2cm and ≤ 4cm in greatest dimension
T3	Tumor > 4cm in greatest dimension
T4	Tumor involves the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery (unresectable primary tumor)

Definition of Regional Lymph Nodes (N)
NX	Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0	No regional lymph node metastasis
N1	Metastasis in one to three lymph nodes.
N2	Metastasis in four or more regional lymph nodes.

The American Cancer Society reports the 5-year survival rates for a number of cancers (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/STT/stt_0.asp). The overall 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is 5.1% (all stages). For patients with pancreatic cancer that has spread to other organs (metastasized) the reported survival rate is 1.8%. this increases to 8.2% for patients with regional disease and to 20.0% for patients with localized disease.